Federal republic

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A federal republic is a federation of states with a republican form of government. A federation is the central government. The states in a federation also maintain the federation. Usage of the term republic is inconsistent but, as a minimum, it means a state or federation of states that does not have a monarch.

In a federal republic, there is a division of powers between the national "federal" government, and the government of the individual subdivisions. While every nation manages this division of powers differently, national security and defense, monetary policy, and other issues of a "national" scope are handled at the "federal" level while more local issues such as road and infrastructure maintenance and education policy are handled at the local level. In other words, while the federal government has ultimate sovereignty, there is a limited sovereignty granted to the subdivisions, where the federal government does not have jurisdiction. This is in contrast to a unitary republic whereby the national government has complete sovereignty over all aspects of political life, and subdivisions are purely administrative in nature.The form of government is used by many countries around the world.

In English, before the merger of the two German states in 1990, the phrase "Federal Republic" was often used to refer to West Germany (within its pre-1990 borders), in contrast with the German Democratic Republic, otherwise called East Germany.

Contents 1 List of federal republics 1.1 Contemporary 1.2 Historic 2 See also

List of federal republics

Contemporary

Federation	Official Name and Style	Subdivisions	Head of state
Argentina	Argentine Republic	Provinces of Argentina	President of Argentina
Austria	Republic of Austria	States of Austria	Federal President of Austria
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina	Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Brazil	Federative Republic of Brazil	States of Brazil	President of Brazil
Comoros	Union of the Comoros	Islands of Comoros	President of Comoros
Ethiopia	Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia	Regions of Ethiopia	President of Ethiopia
Germany	Federal Republic of Germany	States of Germany	President of Germany
India	Republic of India	States of India	President of India
Indonesia	Republic of Indonesia	Provinces of Indonesia	President of Indonesia
Iraq	Republic of Iraq	Regions of Iraq	President of Iraq
Madagascar	Republic of Madagascar	Regions of Madagascar	President of Madagascar
Mexico	United Mexican States	States of Mexico	President of Mexico
Micronesia	Federated States of Micronesia	States of FS Micronesia	President of the FS of Micronesia
Nepal	Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal	Yet to decide by the constituent assembly	President of Nepal
Nigeria	Federal Republic of Nigeria	States of Nigeria	President of Nigeria
Pakistan	Islamic Republic of Pakistan	Subdivisions of Pakistan	President of Pakistan
Russia	Russian Federation	Subjects of Russia	President of Russia
South Africa	Republic of South Africa	Provinces of South Africa	President of South Africa
Switzerland	Swiss Confederation	Cantons of Switzerland	Swiss Federal Council
United States	United States of America	States of the United States	President of the United States
Venezuela	Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela	States of Venezuela	President of Venezuela

Historic

• Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (1581–1795)
• "Great Colombia" (1819-1831), later Colombia (federal republic until 1886; unitary republic after 1886)
• Paraguay (1813-1876)
• Weimar Republic (Germany 1919-1933)
• Union of Burma (1948-1962)
• Federal Republic of Cameroon (République Fédérale du Cameroun) (1961-1972)
• Uganda (1962-1966)
• Czechoslovakia (1969-1992)
• Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922-1991
• Yugoslavia (1945-2003)

See also

• Form of government

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